{"id":16669,"date":"2017-08-25T11:00:06","date_gmt":"2017-08-25T15:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cna.ca\/?post_type=news&p=16669\/"},"modified":"2020-03-10T13:55:01","modified_gmt":"2020-03-10T17:55:01","slug":"la-science-nucleaire-pour-prevenir-des-epidemies-du-virus-ebola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cna.ca\/fr\/2017\/08\/25\/la-science-nucleaire-pour-prevenir-des-epidemies-du-virus-ebola\/","title":{"rendered":"La science nucl\u00e9aire pour pr\u00e9venir des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies du virus Ebola"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 2014, l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a connu la pire \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de la maladie \u00e0 virus Ebola de l\u2019histoire. L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a fait des dizaines de milliers de morts et touch\u00e9 le Lib\u00e9ria, la Sierra Leone et la Guin\u00e9e au complet. En juin 2016, l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS)<\/a> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie \u00e9tait enray\u00e9e. Plusieurs mois plus tard, en avril de cette ann\u00e9e, le centre de traitement temporaire du virus Ebola au Lib\u00e9ria pour l\u2019Afrique seulement \u00e9tait d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9, puis \u00e0 peine un mois plus tard, on annon\u00e7ait une nouvelle pouss\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Contagieux et souvent mortel, le virus<\/a> Ebola\u00a0\u2013 ou fi\u00e8vre h\u00e9morragique \u2013 peut se transmettre des animaux aux hommes et d\u2019homme \u00e0 homme par simple contact. Entre 2 et 21 jours apr\u00e8s l\u2019infection, le patient \u00e9prouve des sympt\u00f4mes comparables \u00e0 ceux de la grippe (fi\u00e8vre, maux de gorge, maux de t\u00eate). Et \u00e0 mesure que le virus d\u00e9truit le syst\u00e8me immunitaire et les organes, des h\u00e9morragies internes et externes peuvent se produire. Le taux de d\u00e9c\u00e8s de la maladie peut atteindre 90\u00a0p.\u00a0100.<\/p>\n

Dans la r\u00e9gion, l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de 2014 a entra\u00een\u00e9 la fermeture de nombreuses \u00e9coles presque toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Pr\u00e8s de vingt mille enfants ont vu leur famille d\u00e9cim\u00e9e ou sont devenus orphelins de l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre de leurs parents, voire des deux, selon les informations de l\u2019UNICEF<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Afin de pr\u00e9venir une nouvelle \u00e9pid\u00e9mie mortelle du virus Ebola comme celle de 2014, une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques de l\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique (AIEA)<\/a> mobilise la science et la technologie nucl\u00e9aires pour tenter de diagnostiquer efficacement de tels virus.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons montr\u00e9 que nous pouvons r\u00e9pondre rapidement \u00e0 des urgences, par exemple en cas de virus Ebola et Zika, en fournissant aux pays touch\u00e9s des trousses simples de diagnostic d\u00e9riv\u00e9es du nucl\u00e9aire et con\u00e7ues pour d\u00e9tecter vite et efficacement ces virus sur le terrain\u00a0\u00bb, d\u2019expliquer le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019AIEA, Yukiya Amano, dans l\u2019allocution<\/a> qu\u2019il a prononc\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin mai \u00e0 la International Conference on Technical Cooperation.<\/p>\n

Une d\u00e9tection rapide et pr\u00e9coce limite la propagation de telles maladies. Les scientifiques peuvent utiliser des techniques issues de la science nucl\u00e9aire pour aider \u00e0 identifier le virus Ebola telles que la technologie de la r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene par polym\u00e9rase<\/a>, bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019identification de l\u2019ADN des cellules. Des chercheurs en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo font la chasse aux roussettes<\/a> dans l\u2019espoir d\u2019y trouver la cl\u00e9 de la propagation du virus Ebola, plus particuli\u00e8rement le m\u00e9canisme de transmission du virus d\u2019une chauve-souris \u00e0 une autre ou \u00e0 d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces d\u2019animaux, ou la cha\u00eene de propagation \u00e9pid\u00e9mique. Ces chercheurs congolais ne sont pas les seuls \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser ce travail. Comme l\u2019a indiqu\u00e9 l\u2019AIEA<\/a>, des v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires en Afrique travaillent aussi en partenariat avec l\u2019Agence \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir la propagation du virus Ebola.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Environ 75\u00a0p.\u00a0100 des maladies que contractent les humains proviennent des animaux, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019importance de les stopper chez les animaux m\u00eames. Or la technologie d\u00e9riv\u00e9e de la science nucl\u00e9aire nous aide \u00e0 faire pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cela\u00a0\u00bb, explique Abel Wade, directeur du Laboratoire national v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire\u00a0(LANAVET) de Yaound\u00e9, au Cameroun.<\/p>\n

Comme on l\u2019a constat\u00e9 lors de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie du virus Ebola en 2014, diagnostiquer rapidement et efficacement est la cl\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9venir la transmission et des infections de masse. \u00c0 preuve, la plus r\u00e9cente \u00e9pid\u00e9mie au Congo<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e sous contr\u00f4le seulement un mois apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 2014, l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a connu la pire \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de la maladie \u00e0 virus Ebola de l\u2019histoire. L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a fait des dizaines de milliers de morts et touch\u00e9 le Lib\u00e9ria, la Sierra Leone et la Guin\u00e9e au complet. En juin 2016, l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie \u00e9tait enray\u00e9e. Plusieurs mois plus tard, en avril de cette ann\u00e9e, le centre de traitement temporaire du virus Ebola au Lib\u00e9ria pour l\u2019Afrique seulement \u00e9tait d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9, puis \u00e0 peine un mois plus tard, on annon\u00e7ait une nouvelle pouss\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[170,459,461,460],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-16669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contenu-vedette","tag-iaea","tag-oms","tag-unicef","tag-virus-ebola"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa science nucl\u00e9aire pour pr\u00e9venir des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies du virus Ebola - Association nucl\u00e9aire canadienne<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cna.ca\/fr\/2017\/08\/25\/la-science-nucleaire-pour-prevenir-des-epidemies-du-virus-ebola\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La science nucl\u00e9aire pour pr\u00e9venir des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies du virus Ebola - Association nucl\u00e9aire canadienne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 2014, l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a connu la pire \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de la maladie \u00e0 virus Ebola de l\u2019histoire. 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L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a fait des dizaines de milliers de morts et touch\u00e9 le Lib\u00e9ria, la Sierra Leone et la Guin\u00e9e au complet. En juin 2016, l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie \u00e9tait enray\u00e9e. 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