{"id":27176,"date":"2020-08-17T16:26:22","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T20:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cna.flywheelsites.com\/advantages\/climate\/"},"modified":"2020-08-21T12:59:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T16:59:01","slug":"climat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cna.ca\/fr\/les-avantages\/climat\/","title":{"rendered":"Climat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objectifs climatiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La lutte contre le changement climatique est simple mais pas facile. L\u2019humanit\u00e9 doit cesser de rejeter des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, tels que le dioxyde de carbone, dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Il existe un bilan carbone des \u00e9missions. Pour avoir 50&nbsp;% de chances de maintenir le r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire en dessous de 1,5&nbsp;\u00b0C, nous pouvons rejeter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 580&nbsp;gigatonnes de dioxyde de carbone suppl\u00e9mentaires dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. L\u2019utilisation de combustibles fossiles cr\u00e9e environ 37&nbsp;gigatonnes par an. Le temps dont nous disposons pour accro\u00eetre notre approvisionnement en \u00e9nergie sans carbone telle que les \u00e9nergies nucl\u00e9aire, solaire et \u00e9olienne est limit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le cadre de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/fr\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/l-accord-de-paris\">Accord de Paris<\/a>, les pays du monde entier se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 limiter leurs \u00e9missions totales de carbone. Si ces engagements sont tenus, cela devrait nous permettre de rester dans les limites du budget de carbone. Mais ce n\u2019est pas le cas. Par exemple, l\u2019Allemagne a d\u00fb accro\u00eetre son utilisation de combustibles fossiles en raison de l\u2019arr\u00eat de ses centrales nucl\u00e9aires. La Chine augmente massivement sa production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 au charbon. M\u00eame le Canada n\u2019est pas sur la bonne voie pour atteindre son objectif de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone de 30&nbsp;% entre 2005 et 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9cologisation du bouquet \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour respecter le bilan carbone, il existe trois strat\u00e9gies principales. La premi\u00e8re consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019utilisation d\u2019\u00e9nergie, ce qui a remport\u00e9 un certain succ\u00e8s. La deuxi\u00e8me vise \u00e0 capter le carbone, ce qui est le cas actuellement \u00e0 Weyburn, en Saskatchewan. Aucune de ces strat\u00e9gies n\u2019est pr\u00e8s d\u2019ouvrir la voie \u00e0 un avenir neutre en carbone. Nous devons rendre notre bouquet \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e9cologique, tout en \u00e9tant aussi efficace que possible dans notre utilisation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, et essayer de capter le dioxyde de carbone. Le monde doit remplacer les combustibles fossiles par des sources de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions et \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Les \u00e9nergies solaire, \u00e9olienne et mar\u00e9motrice ont connu de grandes avanc\u00e9es au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, ce qui a fait baisser les prix. Cependant, elles sont encore limit\u00e9es, ne repr\u00e9sentant que 2&nbsp;% de la production totale d\u2019\u00e9nergie du Canada.<\/li><li>L\u2019\u00e9nergie hydro\u00e9lectrique est une option \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission que le Canada a largement utilis\u00e9e. Le nombre d\u2019emplacements propices \u00e0 la construction de barrages est limit\u00e9. La topographie doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9e, et les vastes terres \u00e0 submerger ne doivent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9j\u00e0 revendiqu\u00e9es ou habit\u00e9es. Le Canada est d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 90&nbsp;% de sa capacit\u00e9 hydro\u00e9lectrique.<\/li><li>L\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire n\u2019\u00e9met pas de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre lors de son exploitation. Elle est facilement extensible, car le Canada dispose d\u2019abondantes r\u00e9serves d\u2019uranium, et elle ne requiert pas une empreinte aussi importante que celle de l\u2019\u00e9nergie hydro\u00e9lectrique, des parcs \u00e9oliens ou des panneaux solaires. Les sites possibles pour accueillir des centrales nucl\u00e9aires sont abondants, ce qui signifie que l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire offre beaucoup plus d\u2019options dans la lutte contre le changement climatique.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cna.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Carbon-Emissions-Per-kWh-FR.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22170\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Toute analyse \u00e9clair\u00e9e des \u00e9missions de carbone doit examiner le cycle de vie total, notamment la construction, la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement, l\u2019exploitation, le d\u00e9classement et l\u2019\u00e9limination. Lorsque toutes ces \u00e9tapes sont prises en compte, l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire se compare favorablement aux sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelables et occupe une bien meilleure position que les combustibles fossiles. Selon l\u2019Association nucl\u00e9aire mondiale, les 445&nbsp;r\u00e9acteurs du monde permettent d\u2019\u00e9conomiser 2,5&nbsp;gigatonnes d\u2019\u00e9missions de dioxyde de carbone chaque ann\u00e9e. Les futurs r\u00e9acteurs seront en mesure d\u2019en faire \u00e9conomiser encore plus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019exemple de l\u2019Ontario<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La France et la Su\u00e8de ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire pour rendre leurs r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques plus \u00e9cologiques, mais il y a \u00e9galement un exemple au Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jusque dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, l\u2019Ontario d\u00e9pendait largement du charbon pour son \u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Le charbon \u00e9tait une source majeure d\u2019\u00e9missions s\u2019\u00e9levant \u00e0 179&nbsp;m\u00e9gatonnes (\u00e9quivalent CO<sub>2<\/sub>) en 1990 et ayant atteint un maximum de 208&nbsp;m\u00e9gatonnes en 2000. Toutefois, le fait de poss\u00e9der 18 des r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires du Canada a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 la province la souplesse n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9liminer le charbon de son bouquet \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique avant 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette transition a non seulement permis de rendre l\u2019air nettement plus pur dans la province, mais elle a \u00e9galement fortement r\u00e9duit les \u00e9missions de carbone. Selon la <a href=\"https:\/\/eco.auditor.on.ca\/blog\/ghg-emissions-in-ontario\/\">v\u00e9rificatrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Ontario<\/a>, les \u00e9missions dans la province \u00e9taient de 161&nbsp;m\u00e9gatonnes en 2016, malgr\u00e9 une croissance de 30&nbsp;% de la population depuis 1990.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le changement climatique est peut-\u00eatre le plus grand d\u00e9fi du XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Seule source d\u2019\u00e9nergie facilement extensible et \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions de carbone capable de fournir de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 fiable et abordable, l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire est pr\u00eate \u00e0 relever le d\u00e9fi climatique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26763,"parent":27166,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"topic":[],"class_list":["post-27176","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Climat - Association nucl\u00e9aire canadienne<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cna.ca\/fr\/les-avantages\/climat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climat - Association nucl\u00e9aire canadienne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le changement climatique est peut-\u00eatre le plus grand d\u00e9fi du XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. 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